\ProvidesPackage{macros}[2022/10/11 v1.0 My own macros]

%%%%%%%%% packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Required for custom headers
\usepackage{extramarks} % Required for headers and footers
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required to insert images
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color} % Required for custom colors
\usepackage{listings} % Required for insertion of code
\usepackage{courier} % Required for the courier font
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[noadjust]{cite}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\graphicspath{{./fig/}}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{empheq}
\usepackage[theorems,skins]{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{bm}

%%%%%% some redefinitions
\def\red{\textcolor{red}}
\newtcolorbox{mymathbox}[1][]{colback=white, sharp corners, #1}

\renewcommand{\citedash}{--}
\newcommand{\BoldVec}[1]{\mathchoice%
  {\mbox{\boldmath $\displaystyle     #1$}}%
  {\mbox{\boldmath $\textstyle        #1$}}%
  {\mbox{\boldmath $\scriptstyle      #1$}}%
  {\mbox{\boldmath $\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}%
}

\newcommand{\overbar}[1]{\mkern 1.5mu\overline{\mkern-1.5mu#1\mkern-1.5mu}\mkern 1.5mu}

% Margins
\topmargin=-0.45in
\evensidemargin=0in
\oddsidemargin=0in
\textwidth=6.5in
\textheight=9.0in
\headsep=0.25in 

\linespread{1.1} % Line spacing

% Set up the header and footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \rfoot{Page\ \thepage\ of\ \pageref{RealLastPage}}
}

%\lhead{\Author} % Top left header
%\chead{\firstxmark} % Top center header
\rhead{\Titleshort} % Top right header
\lfoot{\lastxmark} % Bottom left footer
\cfoot{} % Bottom center footer
\rfoot{Page\ \thepage\ of\ \pageref{RealLastPage}} % Bottom right footer
\renewcommand\headrulewidth{0.4pt} % Size of the header rule
\renewcommand\footrulewidth{0.4pt} % Size of the footer rule
%\setlength\parindent{0pt} % Removes all indentation from paragraphs

\title{
\textbf{\Title}
%by {\em \large \AuthorName}
\\ 
}

\author{\textbf{\AuthorName}}
\date{\Date}% Insert date here if you want it to appear below your name
%\date{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% COMMANDS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% fractions
\def\half{{\textstyle{1\over2}}}
\def\fourth{{\textstyle{1\over4}}}
\def\fourthird{{\textstyle{4\over3}}}
\def\threehalf{{\textstyle{3\over2}}}
\def\threefourth{{\textstyle{3\over4}}}
\def\oneovertwelve{{\textstyle{1\over12}}}
\def\twothird{{\textstyle{2\over3}}}
\def\onethird{{\textstyle{1\over3}}}
\def\sixseventeenth{{\textstyle{6\over17}}}

%%%%%%% commonly used variables
\newcommand{\phy}{{\rm phys}}
\newcommand{\kphy}{k_\phy}
\newcommand{\Bphy}{B_\phy}

%%%%%%% commonly used in cosmology
%% Omegas
\newcommand{\OmM}{\Omega_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\OmMmax}{{\Omega_{\rm M}^\ast}}
\newcommand{\XiM}{\Xi_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\OmK}{\Omega_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\OmGW}{\Omega_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\OmMK}{\Omega_{\rm M, K}}
\newcommand{\XiGW}{\Xi_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\OmT}{\Omega_{\rm T}}
%% inflation
\newcommand{\TR}{T_{\rm R}}
%% early universe
\newcommand{\Tg}{T_{\rm g}}
\newcommand{\gS}{g_{\rm S}}
\newcommand{\rad}{{\rm rad}}
\newcommand{\crit}{{\rm crit}}
\newcommand{\vac}{{\rm vac}}
\newcommand{\tot}{{\rm tot}}
%% phase transitions
\newcommand{\GammaR}{\Gamma_{\rm R}}
\newcommand{\Rc}{R_{\rm c}}
\newcommand{\vw}{v_{\rm w}}
\newcommand{\rhoK}{\rho_{\rm K}}

%%%%%%% commonly used in MHD
%% spectra
\newcommand{\EM}{E_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\EMmax}{{E_{\rm M}^\ast}}
\newcommand{\EK}{E_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\EMK}{E_{\rm M, K}}
\newcommand{\ET}{E_{\rm T}}
\newcommand{\EGW}{E_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\HM}{H_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\HK}{H_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\eM}{\varepsilon_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\phiM}{\phi_{\rm M}}
%% energy density
\newcommand{\EEM}{{\cal E}_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\EEK}{{\cal E}_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\EEMK}{{\cal E}_{\rm M, K}}
\newcommand{\EEGW}{{\cal E}_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\EEi}{{\cal E}_i}
\newcommand{\EES}{{\cal E}_{\rm S}}
\newcommand{\emf}{\mbox{\boldmath ${\cal E}$} {}}
\newcommand{\EErad}{{\cal E}_{\rm rad}}
\newcommand{\HHM}{\HH_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\HHK}{\HH_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\HHi}{{\cal H}_i}
\newcommand{\HHJ}{{\cal H}_{\rm J}}
\newcommand{\EEcrit}{{\cal E}_{\rm crit}}
\newcommand{\PM}{{\cal P}_{\rm M}}
%% wave numbers
\newcommand{\kp}{k_{\rm p}}
\newcommand{\kH}{k_{\rm H}}
\newcommand{\kf}{k_\ast}
\newcommand{\ks}{k_{\rm s}}
\newcommand{\kM}{k_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\kGW}{k_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\kNy}{k_{\rm Ny}}
\newcommand{\xiM}{\xi_{\rm M}}
\newcommand{\xiK}{\xi_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\xiGW}{\xi_{\rm GW}}
%% others
\newcommand{\tmax}{t_{\rm max}}
\newcommand{\vA}{v_{\rm A}}
\newcommand{\Ma}{\mbox{\rm Ma}}
\newcommand{\cs}{c_{\rm s}}
\newcommand{\ts}{t_{\rm s}}
\newcommand{\tini}{t_{\rm ini}}
\newcommand{\tfin}{t_{\rm fin}}
\newcommand{\omegaR}{\omega_{\rm R}}
\newcommand{\omegaI}{\omega_{\rm I}}
\newcommand{\chiH}{\chi_{\rm H}}

%%%%%%% commonly used for GWs
\newcommand{\hc}{h_{\rm c}}
\newcommand{\hrms}{h_{\rm rms}}
\renewcommand{\ij}{{ij}}
\newcommand{\hij}{h_\ij}
\renewcommand{\th}{\tilde{h}}
\newcommand{\thij}{\tilde{h}_\ij}
\newcommand{\hthij}{\hat{\tilde{h}}_\ij}
\newcommand{\hijTT}{\hij^{\rm TT}}
\newcommand{\thijTT}{\tilde{h}_{ij}^{\rm TT}}
\newcommand{\hijm}{h_{ij}^{\rm m}}
\newcommand{\Tij}{T_\ij}
\newcommand{\tPij}{\tilde{\Pi}_\ij}
\newcommand{\tTij}{\tilde{T}_\ij}
\newcommand{\TijTT}{\Tij^{\rm TT}}
\newcommand{\tTijTT}{\tilde{T}_{ij}^{\rm TT}}
\newcommand{\htTij}{\hat{\tilde{T}}_\ij}
\newcommand{\TT}{\tilde{T}_+}
\newcommand{\tTT}{\tilde{T}_+}
\newcommand{\tTTX}{\tilde{T}_{+, \times}}
\newcommand{\Tx}{\tilde{T}_\times}
\newcommand{\tT}{\tilde{T}}
\newcommand{\tTX}{\tilde{T}_\times}
\newcommand{\hT}{\tilde{h}_+}
\newcommand{\hX}{\tilde{h}_\times}
\newcommand{\eX}{e_{ij}^\times}
\newcommand{\eT}{e_{ij}^+}
\newcommand{\eTX}{e_{ij}^{+, \times}}
\newcommand{\eA}{e_{ij}^{\rm A}}
\newcommand{\Proj}{\bigl(P_{il} P_{jm} - \half P_{ij} P_{lm}\bigr)}
\newcommand{\PPGW}{{\cal P}_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\SGW}{{\cal S}_{\rm GW}}
\newcommand{\Sh}{S_h}
\newcommand{\Sdh}{S_{\dot{h}}}
\newcommand{\Ah}{A_h}
\newcommand{\Adh}{A_{\dot{h}}}
\newcommand{\lambdabar}{{\mkern0.75mu\mathchar '26\mkern -9.75mu\lambda}}
\newcommand{\lambdabarGW}{\lambdabar_{\rm GW}}
%% Horndeski modified GR
\def\alpM{\alpha_{\rm M}}
\def\alpT{\alpha_{\rm T}}
\def\alpB{\alpha_{\rm B}}
\def\alpK{\alpha_{\rm K}}
\newcommand{\cT}{c_{\rm T}}
\def\mg{m_{\rm g}}
\def\GR{{\rm GR}}
%% LISA interferometry
\newcommand{\Mon}{{\cal M}_{OO'}^\lambda}
\newcommand{\Don}{{\cal D}_{OO'}^\lambda}
\newcommand{\Qab}{{\cal Q}_{O}^{ab}}
\newcommand{\Qcd}{{\cal Q}_{O'}^{cd}}
\newcommand{\Qi}{{\cal Q}_{i}^{ab}}
\newcommand{\Qone}{{\cal Q}_{1}^{ab}}
\newcommand{\Qtwo}{{\cal Q}_{2}^{ab}}
\newcommand{\Qthree}{{\cal Q}_{3}^{ab}}
\newcommand{\SNR}{\rm SNR}

%%%%%%% units and variables
\newcommand{\TeV}{{\rm \, TeV}}
\newcommand{\GeV}{{\rm \, GeV}}
\newcommand{\MeV}{{\rm \, MeV}}
\newcommand{\Mpc}{{\rm \, Mpc}}
\newcommand{\J}{{\rm \, J}}
\newcommand{\m}{{\rm \, m}}
\newcommand{\cm}{{\rm \, cm}}
\newcommand{\km}{{\rm \, km}}
\newcommand{\picom}{{\rm \, pm}}
\newcommand{\fm}{{\rm \, fm}}
\newcommand{\s}{{\rm \, s}}
\newcommand{\yr}{{\rm \, yr}}
\newcommand{\Hz}{{\rm \, Hz}}
\newcommand{\mHz}{{\rm \, mHz}}
\newcommand{\Gauss}{{\rm \, G}}
\newcommand{\K}{{\rm \, K}}
\newcommand{\Mpl}{M_{\rm pl}}
\newcommand{\Mp}{M_{\rm p}}
\newcommand{\kB}{k_{\rm B}}
\newcommand{\mW}{m_{\rm W}}
\newcommand{\mH}{m_{\rm H}}

%%%%%%% bold
\newcommand{\xx}{\BoldVec{x}{}}
\newcommand{\kk}{\BoldVec{k}{}}
\newcommand{\vv}{\BoldVec{v}{}}
\newcommand{\ww}{\BoldVec{w}{}}
\newcommand{\QQ}{\BoldVec{Q} {}}
\newcommand{\ff}{\BoldVec{f}{}}
\newcommand{\FFF}{\BoldVec{F}{}}
\newcommand{\tff}{\BoldVec{\tilde f}{}}
\newcommand{\tSS}{\BoldVec{\tilde S}{}}
\newcommand{\AAA}{\BoldVec{A}{}}
\newcommand{\tAA}{\BoldVec{\tilde A}{}}
\newcommand{\XX}{\BoldVec{X}{}}
\newcommand{\tXX}{\BoldVec{\tilde X}{}}
\newcommand{\PP}{\BoldVec{P}{}}
\newcommand{\JJ}{\BoldVec{J}{}}
\newcommand{\jj}{\BoldVec{j}{}}
\newcommand{\tJJ}{\BoldVec{\tilde J}{}}
\newcommand{\SSS}{\BoldVec{S}{}}
\newcommand{\ee}{\BoldVec{e}{}}
\newcommand{\uu}{\BoldVec{u}{}}
\newcommand{\UU}{\BoldVec{U}{}}
\newcommand{\aaa}{\BoldVec{a}{}}
\newcommand{\oom}{\BoldVec{\omega}{}}
\newcommand{\pp}{\BoldVec{p}{}}
\newcommand{\qq}{\BoldVec{q}{}}
\newcommand{\rr}{\BoldVec{r}{}}
\newcommand{\II}{\BoldVec{I}{}}
\newcommand{\DDD}{\BoldVec{D}{}}
\newcommand{\nullvector}{{\bf0}}
\newcommand{\SSSS}{\bm{\mathsf{S}}}
\newcommand{\FL}{{\pmb F}_{\rm L}}
%% magnetic field
\newcommand{\BB}{\BoldVec{B}{}}
\newcommand{\BBX}{\BoldVec{B}_{\rm X}{}}
\newcommand{\tB}{\tilde{B}}
\newcommand{\tBB}{\BoldVec{\tilde B}{}}
\newcommand{\tBBX}{\BoldVec{\tilde B}_{\rm X}{}}
\newcommand{\BX}{B_{\rm X}}
\newcommand{\tBX}{\tilde B_{\rm X}}
\newcommand{\Brms}{B_{\rm rms}}
%% electric field
\newcommand{\EE}{\BoldVec{E}{}}
\newcommand{\EEX}{\BoldVec{E}_{\rm X}{}}
\newcommand{\tEE}{\BoldVec{\tilde E}{}}
\newcommand{\tEEX}{\BoldVec{\tilde E}_{\rm X}{}}
\newcommand{\EX}{E_{\rm X}}
\newcommand{\tEX}{\tilde E_{\rm X}}
%% velocity field
\newcommand{\urms}{u_{\rm rms}}

%%%%%%% cal style letters
\newcommand{\XXX}{{\cal X}}
\newcommand{\DD}{{\cal D}}
\newcommand{\FF}{{\cal F}}
\newcommand{\LL}{{\cal L}}
\newcommand{\EEE}{\BoldVec{{\cal E}}{}}
\newcommand{\tEEE}{\BoldVec{\tilde {\cal E}}{}}
\newcommand{\HH}{{\cal H}}

%%%%%%% hats/tildes
\newcommand{\bk}{\bar{k}}
\newcommand{\bB}{\bar{B}}
\newcommand{\teta}{\tilde \eta}
\newcommand{\tphi}{\tilde \phi}
\def\hatk{\hat k}
\def\hatkk{\hat\kk}

%%%%%%% couplings
\newcommand{\gAA}{g_{\rm AA}}
\newcommand{\gAX}{g_{\rm AX}}
\newcommand{\gXX}{g_{\rm XX}}

%%%%%%% general math
\newcommand{\dd}{{\rm \, d}}
\newcommand{\nab}{\BoldVec{\nabla} {}}
\newcommand{\Ci}{{\rm Ci}}
\newcommand{\Si}{{\rm Si}}
\newcommand{\map}{\rightarrow}
\newcommand{\ii}{{\rm i}}
\newcommand{\sgn}{{\rm sgn}}

%%%%%%% equations
\newcommand{\EQb}{\begin{mymathbox}[ams equation]}
\def\ENb{\end{mymathbox} \noindent}
\newcommand{\EQgather}{\begin{mymathbox}[ams gather]}
\def\EQ{\begin{equation}}
\def\EN{\end{equation}}
\def\la{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}}}
\def\ga{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}}}

%%%%%%% vectors and matrices
\newcommand{\VecThreeD}[3]{\left( \begin{array}{c}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\VecTwoD}[2]{\left( \begin{array}{c}
#1 \\ #2 \end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\Vector}[3]{\left( \begin{array}{c} 
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\Matrixsym}[6]{\left(\begin{array}{c c c}
#1 & #2 & #3 \\ #2 & #4 & #5 \\ #3 & #5 & #6
\end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\MatTwoD}[4]{\left(\begin{array}{c c}
#1 & #2 \\ #3 & #4 \end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\MatrixtwoDsym}[3]{\left(\begin{array}{c c}
#1 & #2 \\ #2 & #3 \end{array} \right)}
\newcommand{\MatrixfourD}[4]{\left(\begin{array}
{c c c c} #1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right)}

%%%%%%% brackets
\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\langle #1\rangle}
\newcommand{\bral}[1]{\langle #1}
\newcommand{\brar}[1]{#1\rangle}
\newcommand{\Bra}[1]{\bigl\langle #1 \bigr\rangle}
\newcommand{\BBra}[1]{\Bigl\langle #1 \Bigr\rangle}
\newcommand{\BBBra}[1]{\Biggl\langle #1 \Biggr\rangle}
\newcommand{\Para}[1]{\bigl[ #1 \bigr]}
\newcommand{\PPara}[1]{\Bigl[ #1 \Bigr]}
\newcommand{\PPPara}[1]{\biggl[ #1 \biggr]}
\newcommand{\PPPPara}[1]{\Biggl[ #1 \Biggr]}
\newcommand{\Pare}[1]{\bigl( #1 \bigr)}
\newcommand{\PPare}[1]{\Bigl( #1 \Bigr)}
\newcommand{\PPPare}[1]{\biggl( #1 \biggr)}
\newcommand{\PPPPare}[1]{\Biggl( #1 \Biggr)}

%%%%%%% references to equations, sections, figures, appendices
\newcommand{\Eq}[1]{Eq.~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\EEq}[1]{Equation~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\Eqs}[2]{Eqs.~(\ref{#1}) and (\ref{#2})}
\newcommand{\Eqss}[2]{Eqs.~(\ref{#1}--\ref{#2})}
\newcommand{\Fig}[1]{Fig.~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\Figs}[2]{Figures~\ref{#1} and \ref{#2}}
\newcommand{\FFig}[1]{Figure~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\Figss}[2]{Figs.~\ref{#1}--\ref{#2}}
\newcommand{\Sec}[1]{Sec.~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\Secs}[2]{Secs.~\ref{#1} and \ref{#2}}
\newcommand{\App}[1]{App.~(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\Tab}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}

%%%%%%% useful for GR/covariant notation (greek alp indices)
\newcommand{\munu}{{\mu \nu}}
\newcommand{\numu}{{\nu \mu}}
\newcommand{\mumu}{{\mu \mu}}
\newcommand{\musig}{{\mu \sigma}}
\newcommand{\lamsig}{{\lambda \sigma}}
\newcommand{\signu}{{\sigma \nu}}
\newcommand{\sigmu}{{\sigma \mu}}
\newcommand{\siglam}{{\sigma \lambda}}
\newcommand{\nusig}{{\nu \sigma}}
\newcommand{\lamnu}{{\lambda \nu}}
\newcommand{\mulam}{{\mu \lambda}}
\newcommand{\nulam}{{\nu \lambda}}
\newcommand{\lammu}{{\lambda \mu}}
\newcommand{\mugam}{{\mu \gamma}}
\newcommand{\alpbet}{{\alpha \beta}}
\newcommand{\betalp}{{\beta \alpha}}
\newcommand{\updo}[3]{#1^{#2}_{\ \ #3}}
\newcommand{\doup}[3]{#1_{#2}^{\ \ #3}}
\newcommand{\updoup}[4]{#1^{#2 \ \ #4}_{\ #3}}
\newcommand{\updodo}[4]{#1^{#2}_{\ #3 #4}}
\newcommand{\dodoup}[4]{#1^{\ \ #4}_{#2 #3}}
\newcommand{\upupdo}[4]{#1_{\ \ #4}^{#2 #3}}
\newcommand{\doupdo}[4]{#1^{\ #3}_{#2 \ #4}}
\newcommand{\uppdo}[3]{#1^{#2}_{\ \ \ \ #3}}
%% GR tensors
\newcommand{\Christoff}[3]{\Gamma^{#1}_{\ \, #2 #3}}
\newcommand{\Rie}[4]{R^{#1}_{\ #2 #3 #4}}
\newcommand{\Riem}[5]{\partial_{#3} \Gamma^{#1}_{#2 #4} -
\partial_{#4} \Gamma^{#1}_{#2 #3} + \Gamma^{#1}_{#3 #5} \Gamma^{#5}_{#2 #4} - \Gamma^{#1}_{#4 #5} \Gamma^{#5}_{#2 #3}}
\newcommand{\Riemfirst}[7]{\half #5^{#3 #4} \bigl(#6_{#1 #2} 
#7_{#3 #4} + #6_{#3 #4} #7_{#1 #2} - #6_{#2 #3} #7_{#4 #1} -
#6_{#1 #3} #7_{#4 #2} \bigr)}
\newcommand{\Riemsecone}[6]{-\half \Bigl[\half #5_{#2} #6^{#3 #4}
#5_{#1} #6_{#3 #4}}
\newcommand{\Riemsectwo}[6]{+ #6^{#3 #4} \bigl(#5_{#1 #2} #6_{#4 #3} +
#5_{#4 #3} #6_{#1 #2} - #5_{#2 #3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#1 #3}
#6_{#4 #2} \bigr)}
\newcommand{\Riemsecthree}[6]{+ #5^{#3} \doup{#6}{#2}{#4} \bigl(#5_{#3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#4} #6_{#3 #1} \bigr)}
\newcommand{\Riemsecfour}[6]{- \bigl(#5_{#3} #6^{#3 #4} - \half #5^{#4} #6 \bigr) \bigl(#5_{#2} #6_{#4 #1} + 
#5_{#1} #6_{#4 #2} - #5_{#4} #6_{#1 #2} \bigr) \Bigr]}
\newcommand{\Riemseconeg}[9]{-\half #7^{#8 #3} #7^{#9 #4} \Bigl[\half #5_{#2} #6_{#8 #9}
#5_{#1} #6_{#3 #4}}
\newcommand{\Riemsectwog}[8]{+ #6_{#7 #8} \bigl(#5_{#1 #2} #6_{#4 #3} +
#5_{#4 #3} #6_{#1 #2} - #5_{#2 #3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#1 #3}
#6_{#4 #2} \bigr)}
\newcommand{\Riemsecthreeg}[8]{+ #5_{#7} #6_{#2 #8} \bigl(#5_{#3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#4} #6_{#3 #1} \bigr)}
\newcommand{\Riemsecfourg}[8]{- \bigl(#5_{#3} #6_{#7 #8} - \half #5_{#8} #6_{#3 #7} \bigr) \bigl(#5_{#2} #6_{#4 #1} + 
#5_{#1} #6_{#4 #2} - #5_{#4} #6_{#1 #2} \bigr) \Bigr]}
\newcommand{\Riemsec}[6]{-\half \Bigl[\half #5_{#2} #6^{#3 #4}
#5_{#1} #6_{#3 #4} + #6^{#3 #4} \bigl(#5_{#1 #2} #6_{#4 #3} +
#5_{#4 #3} #6_{#1 #2} - #5_{#2 #3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#1 #3}
#6_{#4 #2} \bigr) + #5^{#3} \doup{#6}{#2}{#4} \bigl(#5_{#3} #6_{#4 #1} - #5_{#4} #6_{#3 #1} \bigr) - \bigl(#5_{#3} #6^{#3 #4} - \half #5^{#4} #6 \bigr) \bigl(#5_{#2} #6_{#4 #1} + 
#5_{#1} #6_{#4 #2} - #5_{#4} #6_{#1 #2} \bigr) \Bigr]}
\newcommand{\covDerdo}[6]{\partial_{#1} #5_{#2 #3} - #6^{#4}_{#2 #1} #5_{#4 #3} - #6^{#4}_{#3 #1} #5_{#2 #4}}
\newcommand{\covDerup}[6]{\partial_{#1} #5^{#2 #3} + #6^{#2}_{#4 #1} #5^{#4 #3} + #6^{#3}_{#1 #4} #5^{#2 #4}}
\newcommand{\covDerdothree}[7]{\partial_{#1} #6_{#2 #3 #4} - 
#7^{#5}_{#2 #1} #6_{#5 #3 #4} - #7^{#5}_{#3 #1} #6_{#2 #5 #4} -
#7^{#5}_{#4 #1} #6_{#2 #3 #5}}

%%%%%%%% useful for accuracy of GWs, iterative terms
\newcommand{\hhfifthone}[1]{h^{#1} (k) + g^{#1} (k) \delta t}
\newcommand{\hhfifthtwo}[1]{\frac{\delta t^2}{2} \biggl[
T^{#1} (k) - k^2 h^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\hhfifththree}[1]{\frac{\delta t^3}{6} \biggl[
{T'}^{#1} (k) - k^2 g^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\hhfifthfour}[1]{\frac{\delta t^4}{24} \biggl[
{T''}^{#1} (k) -  k^2 T^{#1} (k) + k^4 h^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\ggfifthone}[1]{g^{#1} (k) + \delta t \biggl[ T^{#1} (k) - k^2 h^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\ggfifthtwo}[1]{\frac{\delta t^2}{2} \biggl[
{T'}^{#1} (k) - k^2 g^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\ggfifththree}[1]{\frac{\delta t^3}{6} \biggl[
{T''}^{#1} (k) - k^2 T^{#1} (k)  + k^4 h^{#1} (k) \biggr]}
\newcommand{\ggfifthfour}[1]{\frac{\delta t^4}{24} \biggl[
{T'''}^{#1} (k) -  k^2 {T'}^{#1} (k) + k^4 g^{#1} (k) \biggr]}